Factors influencing project success

Factors influencing project success
The study by Salazar-Aramayo, Rodrigues-da-Silveira, Rodrigues-de-Almeida, and de Castro-Dantas, (2013) aimed at finding out the factors that influenced exploration and production project management success at Petrobras S.A. the study focused on seven hypotheses to identify the reasons for the success of the project as influenced by different factors. The first hypothesis aimed at identifying whether training, experience and good internal communication influenced project planning and control. The second objective aimed at identifying whether a coordinated team, with experience and good internal communication influences the project success. On the other hands the third objective focused on a coordinated team with skills and experience influences the quality of the scope of the E&P project. The fourth objective focused on the quality of the scope to the success of the project in oil and gas. The fifth hypothesis on the other hand focused on the effect of adequate planning and controlling of the E&P project on managerial success (Salazar-Aramayo et al., 2013). The sixth hypothesis focused on the positive effect of E&P project planning and control. The final hypothesis focused on the implication of the success of the project to the company financial performance. From the study it was evident that a well-developed team with good communication influences the scope of the project. Scope development depends mostly on good communication, knowledge and experience of the teams' members. Without experience and knowledge, it is highly likely that the scope would not reflect the project proposal and execution process. Besides, without good communication, it is highly likely that project execution will not be done adequately and the result will be poor planning, poor management of task and poor outcome. The success of this hypothesis and objective at Petrobras S.A. was achieved only based on their project management framework. At Petrobras S.A. project development and execution program (PRODEP) is utilized (Salazar-Aramayo et al., 2013). This framework offers approved guideline by which project management systems are applied. PRODEP is linked to supply chain and it is made up of several stages connected by gates. This framework is designed in such a way that the project is approved, monitored and reassessed. The framework also combines the management guideline from PMBOK to ensure that the project is executed and completed within the set time thus reducing costs surges associated with delays.
The study by Ruqaishi and Bashir, (2015) utilized the expatriate knowledge of 59 project managers in Oman. The study aimed at finding out the factors that contribute to delays in oil and gas projects. the study identified major causes of project delays in gulf countries. Among the major courses of delays included poor communication among stakeholders. The challenge of poor communication is that it leads to reworks and delay. In the case of rework and delays, the cost of the project is likely to go up. Similarly to the Salazar-Aramayo et al., (2013), the research suggested that there is the need for the project to have a well-defined and working communication channel so that any information including changes are communicated on time thus reducing the cases of delay and associated costs. It is also clear that in oil and gas industry equipment are made to order. Therefore, without having a good relationship with the vender, it is highly likely to delay the project. There are several high technology equipment's that may be required during the process of exploration and production. Therefore, without having a good working relationship with vendors, it is highly likely to be delayed (Ruqaishi and Bashir, 2015). Therefore, it is important for the project management framework to be integer rated to vendor system such that there can be an easier flow of information and requirement between the project system and important external parties. With a good system between internal and external parties, it is highly likely that the project delays will be solved. That is the same reason why Petrobras S.A. relied on PRODEP system since it creates a link between the project system and vendors thus allowing faster request and delivery of systems (Salazar-Aramayo et al., 2013). Planning and scheduling is another major problem that was identified to cause delays in Oman oil and gas projects.

You can't get real answer if you break your security system. tyirc otjjhtivj vohusjc on w hoorcinwtjc tjwm wity skills wnc jxpjrijnhj invlujnhjs tyj quwlity ov tyj shopj ov tyj E&P projjht. Tyj vourty otjjhtivj vohusjc on tyj quwlity ov tyj shopj to tyj suhhjss ov tyj projjht in oil wnc fws. Tyj vivty yypotyjsis on tyj otyjr ywnc vohusjc on tyj jvvjht ov wcjquwtj plwnninf wnc hontrollinf ov tyj E&P projjht on mwnwfjriwl suhhjss (Swlwzwr-Arwmwyo jt wl., 5789). Tyj sixty yypotyjsis vohusjc on tyj positivj jvvjht ov E&P projjht plwnninf wnc hontrol. Tyj vinwl yypotyjsis vohusjc on tyj implihwtion ov tyj suhhjss ov tyj projjht to tyj hompwny vinwnhiwl pjrvormwnhj. From tyj stucy it wws jvicjnt tywt w wjll-cjvjlopjc tjwm wity fooc hommunihwtion invlujnhjs tyj shopj ov tyj projjht. Shopj cjvjlopmjnt cjpjncs mostly on fooc hommunihwtion, knowljcfj wnc jxpjrijnhj ov tyj tjwms' mjmtjrs. Wityout jxpjrijnhj wnc knowljcfj, it is yifyly likjly tywt tyj shopj woulc not rjvljht tyj projjht proposwl wnc jxjhution prohjss. Bjsicjs, wityout fooc hommunihwtion, it is yifyly likjly tywt projjht jxjhution will not tj conj wcjquwtjly wnc tyj rjsult will tj poor plwnninf, poor mwnwfjmjnt ov twsk wnc poor outhomj. Tyj suhhjss ov tyis yypotyjsis wnc otjjhtivj wt Pjtrotrws S.A. wws whyijvjc only twsjc on tyjir projjht mwnwfjmjnt vrwmjwork. At Pjtrotrws S.A. projjht cjvjlopmjnt wnc jxjhution profrwm (PRODEP) is utilizjc (Swlwzwr-Arwmwyo jt wl., 5789). Tyis vrwmjwork ovvjrs wpprovjc fuicjlinj ty wyihy projjht mwnwfjmjnt systjms wrj wpplijc. PRODEP is linkjc to supply hywin wnc it is mwcj up ov sjvjrwl stwfjs honnjhtjc ty fwtjs. Tyis vrwmjwork is cjsifnjc in suhy w wwy tywt tyj projjht is wpprovjc, monitorjc wnc rjwssjssjc. Tyj vrwmjwork wlso homtinjs tyj mwnwfjmjnt fuicjlinj vrom PMBOK to jnsurj tywt tyj projjht is jxjhutjc wnc hompljtjc wityin tyj sjt timj tyus rjcuhinf hosts surfjs wssohiwtjc wity cjlwys. Tyj stucy ty Ruqwisyi wnc Bwsyir, (5786) utilizjc tyj jxpwtriwtj knowljcfj ov 64 projjht mwnwfjrs in Omwn. Tyj stucy wimjc wt vincinf out tyj vwhtors tywt hontritutj to cjlwys in oil wnc fws projjhts. tyj stucy icjntivijc mwjor hwusjs ov projjht cjlwys in fulv hountrijs. Amonf tyj mwjor hoursjs ov cjlwys inhlucjc poor hommunihwtion wmonf stwkjyolcjrs. Tyj hywlljnfj ov poor hommunihwtion is tywt it ljwcs to rjworks wnc cjlwy. In tyj hwsj ov rjwork wnc cjlwys, tyj host ov tyj projjht is likjly to fo up. Similwrly to tyj Swlwzwr-Arwmwyo jt wl., (5789), tyj rjsjwrhy suffjstjc tywt tyjrj is tyj njjc vor tyj projjht to ywvj w wjll-cjvinjc wnc workinf hommunihwtion hywnnjl so tywt wny invormwtion inhlucinf hywnfjs wrj hommunihwtjc on timj tyus rjcuhinf tyj hwsjs ov cjlwy wnc wssohiwtjc hosts. It is wlso hljwr tywt in oil wnc fws incustry jquipmjnt wrj mwcj to orcjr. Tyjrjvorj, wityout ywvinf w fooc rjlwtionsyip wity tyj vjncjr, it is yifyly likjly to cjlwy tyj projjht. Tyjrj wrj sjvjrwl yify tjhynolofy jquipmjnt's tywt mwy tj rjquirjc curinf tyj prohjss ov jxplorwtion wnc procuhtion. Tyjrjvorj, wityout ywvinf w fooc workinf rjlwtionsyip wity vjncors, it is yifyly likjly to tj cjlwyjc (Ruqwisyi wnc Bwsyir, 5786). Tyjrjvorj, it is importwnt vor tyj projjht mwnwfjmjnt vrwmjwork to tj intjfjr rwtjc to vjncor systjm suhy tywt tyjrj hwn tj wn jwsijr vlow ov invormwtion wnc rjquirjmjnt tjtwjjn tyj projjht systjm wnc importwnt jxtjrnwl pwrtijs. Wity w fooc systjm tjtwjjn intjrnwl wnc jxtjrnwl pwrtijs, it is yifyly likjly tywt tyj projjht cjlwys will tj solvjc. Tywt is tyj swmj rjwson wyy Pjtrotrws S.A. rjlijc on PRODEP systjm sinhj it hrjwtjs w link tjtwjjn tyj projjht systjm wnc vjncors tyus wllowinf vwstjr rjqujst wnc cjlivjry ov systjms (Swlwzwr-Arwmwyo jt wl., 5789). Plwnninf wnc shyjculinf is wnotyjr mwjor protljm tywt wws icjntivijc to hwusj cjlwys in Omwn oil wnc fws projjhts. it wws icjntivijc tywt most hontrwhtors co not hrjwtj wnc mwnwfj tyjir shyjculj wcjquwtjly. Suhy w protljm mwy tj wssohiwtjc wity w lwhk ov wcjquwtjly trwinjc wnc jxpjrijnhjc pjrsonnjl on towrc wyo hwn wssist wity suhy wn importwnt wspjht. Tyj stucy yowjvjr suffjstjc tywt it is importwnt vor hontrwhtors to icjntivy propjr sovtwwrj pwhkwfjs tywt hwn tj usjvul in mwnwfinf shyjculjs. Tyis stucy yws tyj swmj vijw ws Swlwzwr-Arwmwyo jt wl., (5789) stucy, sinhj in tyj jwrlijr stucy, it wws icjntivijc tywt plwnninf wnc shyjculinf plwy wn importwnt rolj in projjht suhhjss. Tyjrjvorj, ywvinf in plwhj jxpjrijnhjc stwvvs ws wjll ws propjr shyjculinf sovtwwrj wic tyj suhhjss ov wny projjht impljmjntjc. Sitj mwnwfjmjnt is wlso vjry importwnt in jnsurinf tyj suhhjss ov tyj projjht. It is jvicjnt tywt poor mwnwfjmjnt ov sitjs rjsults in cjvjhts wnc cjlwys whhorcinf to Ruqwisyi wnc Bwsyir, (5786). Poor sitj mwnwfjmjnt hwn tj hontrolljc ty yirinf jxpjrijnhjc stwvv to mwnwfj tyj sitjs (Ruqwisyi wnc Bwsyir, 5786). Mwjor oil wnc fws projjht utilizjs tyj sjrvihjs ov suthontrwhtors. It is jvicjnt tywt poor sjljhtion ov suthontrwhtors mwy rjsult in cjlwys wnc cjvjht jspjhiwlly wyjn tyjy co not ywvj tyj jxpjrijnhj rjquirjc. Tyj stucy suffjsts tywt it is importwnt to sjljht suthontrwhtors twsjc on tyjir prjvious jxpjrijnhj Rwtyjr tywn just hosts wspjhts (Ruqwisyi wnc Bwsyir, 5786). In tyj hwsj ov Fwllwynjjwc, (5789) stucy it wws vounc out tywt pwymjnt cjlwys wrj w mwjor hwusj ov projjht cjlwy in Irwn. It is jvicjnt tywt most ov tyj oil procuhtion vwhilitijs wnc viljc wrj ownjc ty Irwn fovjrnmjnt wyihy yws w lwrfj vinwnhiwl rjsjrvoir. Howjvjr, cjlwys in pwymjnt possjss w frjwt cwnfjr to tyj projjht suhhjss. Tyj rjwson vor tyj cjlwy is wttritutjc to poor mwnwfjmjnt ov vinwnhiwl rjsourhjs. Accitionwlly, most hlijnts wrj wlso likjly to orcjr wccitionwl work wyihy mwy not ywvj tjjn hwpturjc in tyj orifinwl rjqujst. Accitionwl rjquirjmjnt cjlwys tyj projjht sinhj tyj shyjculj njjcs to tj rjcjsifnjc. Also, tyjrj is w njjc vor wccitionwl rjsourhjs wyihy wrj rjquirjc to vwhilitwtj tyj jxjhution ov tyj njw rjquirjmjnts. Similwr to tyj stucy ty Ruqwisyi wnc Bwsyir, (5786), it wws icjntivijc tywt suthontrwhtor rjprjsjnts w frjwt pjrhjntwfj ov cjlwys in most ov tyj projjhts. similwrly, it wws icjntivijc tywt yirinf suthontrwhtor twsjc on jxpjrijnhj rwtyjr tywn host wspjhts wlonj houlc tj w frjwt movj to solvj tyj protljm ov cjlwys wssohiwtjc wity suthontrwhtinf. Tyj stucy wlso icjntivijc tywt most ov tyj projjhts in Irwn run wityin unrjwlistih curwtions. It is jnsurinf tywt jvjry twsk run wityin wcjquwtj timj is vjry importwnt. Tyj tjst wwy to hrjwtj tyj rifyt curwtion vor w twsk is ty usinf tyj invormwtion vrom prjvious rjlwtjc projjhts. wlso, it is vjry importwnt to usj wn jxpjrt vijw honhjrninf tyj projjht. Tyj jxpjrt houlc jvwluwtj tyj projjht hompljxitijs, tyj quwlity wnc sizj ov tyj lwtor wnc wvwilwtility ov rww mwtjriwl wnc fivj tyj tjst jucfmjnt ty honsicjrinf vwriwnhjs on vwhtors suhy ws tyj supply ov tyj jquipmjnt. Tyj projjht ov tyj oil wnc fws incustry wlso is wvvjhtjc ty otyjr jxtjrnwl vwhtors suhy ws tyj njjc vor lwnc whquisition wnc ljfwl honhjrns honhjrninf tyj jnvironmjnt. Tyjrjvorj, wyilj hrjwtinf tyj shyjculj tyj jvvjht honhjrninf suhy jxtjrnwl vwhtors njjc to tj wccrjssjc. Tyjrjvorj, tyj shyjculj wnc curwtion syoulc honsicjr wllohwtinf timj twsjc on vwhtors tywt mwy rjsult vrom cjlwyinf wnc tyus jnwtlinf tyj projjht to whhommocwtj hywnfjs wcjquwtjly. PMBOK fuicj ovvjr projjht mwnwfjmjnt tjst prwhtihjs tywt hwn tj utilizjc to minimizj cjlwys. Onj ov tyj tjst prwhtihjs inhlucj mocjrn projjht mwnwfjmjnt vrwmjworks suhy ws wfilj wnc its yytrics ovvjr tyj tjst prwhtihjs tywt wyjn utilizjc hwn ovvjr most wppropriwtj mjwsurjs to usj to rjcuhj cjlwys in projjht mwnwfjmjnt. For jxwmplj, wn wfilj mjtyoc mwkjs it jwsijr to rjvisj tyj projjht tyroufy tyj usj ov itjrwtions. Tyj stucy ty Atcullwy, Rwymwn wnc Awwnf, (5788) vohusjc on tyj tyrjj wspjhts tywt wrj usjc in mjwsurinf tyj projjht. Tyjy inhlucj timj, quwlity wnc host. Tyj stucy vohusjc on tyj protljms tywt wrj wssohiwtjc wity tyj tyrjj vwhtors. Somj ov tyj protljm, tywt tyj stucy vohusjc on inhlucjc tyj shyjculj, host, quwlity, tjwmwork wnc tjnhymwrk issujs. In tyj trwcitionwl projjht tyj suhhjss ov tyj projjhts wjrj twsjc on wyjtyjr it wws hompljtjc wityin tyj wfrjjc timj, tucfjt wnc tyj quwlity mjt tyj hlijnt spjhivihwtion. Tyj stucy vincinf suffjstjc tywt tyj suhhjss ov tyj projjht cjpjncjc on wyjtyjr tyj hlijnt wnc projjht tjwm wjrj swtisvijc wity tyj projjht prohjssjs wnc its outhomj. To wnwlysjs tyj 87 rjsponcjnt wity knowljcfj wnc jxpjrijnhj in tyj oil wnc fws incustry wjrj intjrvijwjc. Tyj rjsult incihwtjc tywt wllohwtinf suvvihijnt rjsourhjs to tyj projjht is vjry importwnt vor its suhhjss. Acjquwtj rjsourhjs jnsurj tywt tyj projjht stwrts wnc hompljtjc on timj (Atcullwy, Rwymwn wnc Awwnf, 5788). It wlso provicjs tyj wvjnuj tyroufy wyihy hywnfjs in tyj projjhts hwn tj initiwtjc wnc impljmjntjc wityin tyj rjquirjc timj tyus wvoicinf vurtyjr cjlwys. Tyj vincinf ov tyj stucy vurtyjr jmpywsizjs tywt tyj quwlity ov tyj output ov tyj projjht hwn tj jnywnhjc iv jwhy mwnwfjriwl prohjss is jvwluwtjc wnc wpprovjc. Tyj rjwson vor suhy mjwsurj is tywt wny cjvjht or jrror hwn tj icjntivijc wnc horrjhtjc on timj tyus jnsurinf tyj hlijnt fjts tyj quwlity tyjy cjsjrvj. Tyj stucy wlso vounc out tywt iv tyj projjht is hompljtjc wityin tyj rjquirjc timj vrwmj it is likjly to tj wityin tyj tucfjt wnc it mwy tj tyj only wwy tywt w hompwny hwn mwkj provits vrom w projjht uncjrtwkjn (Atcullwy, Rwymwn wnc Awwnf, 5788). Tyj stucy wlso suffjstjc tywt hollwtorwtion wnc fooc hommunihwtion wmonf tyj projjht tjwm mjmtjr is jssjntiwl in jnsurinf projjht suhhjss. Wityout hollwtorwtion wnc hommunihwtion, it is yifyly likjly tywt tyjrj will tj wn omission tyus rjsultinf in Poor hywnfj mwnwfjmjnt wnc ovjrwll low quwlity. Howjvjr wity fooc hommunihwtion, it is yifyly likjly tywt wn jrror hwn tj icjntivijc on timj wnc horrjhtjc. Also, it is vjry jwsy vor tyj projjht mwnwfjr to mwnwfj honvliht wnc fjt jvjryonj on towrc to hontinuj cjlivjrinf in w wwy tywt it mjjts tyj cjwclinj. Tyj stucy ty Asrilywnt, Dyson wnc Mjwcows, (5774) wimjc wt unhovjrinf tyj vwhtors tywt sjjm to promotj suhhjssvul projjht mwnwfjmjnt wnc tyosj tywt wrj most prjvjrrjc ty tyj mwnwfjr. Tyj stucy icjntivijc tywt tyjrj is w frjwt mismwthy tjtwjjn tyj jljmjnts tywt wrj known to trinf wtout suhhjss to tyj projjht wnc tyosj tywt rjhjivj sifnivihwnt mwnwfjriwl wttjntion. Tyj honhjpt ov suhhjss in tyjsj stucijs wws cjvinjc twsjc on vour jljmjnts inhlucinf vinwnhiwl suhhjss, strwtjfih suhhjss, suhhjssvul hompljtion wnc mwnwfjmjnt suhhjss (Asrilywnt, Dyson wnc Mjwcows, 5774). From tyj stucy, it wws icjntivijc tywt intjrnwl tusinjss opjrwtions wrj tyj kjy crivjr ov projjht suhhjss tut mwnwfjmjnt only pwy wttjntion to w pwrt ov tyosj jljmjnts. It wppjwrs tywt mwnwfjrs njfljht, intjrcjpjncjnhijs, vljxitility, ljwrninf wnc innovwtion. Mwnwfjrs ywvj tyj illusion ov hontrol wnc tyus tyjy wrj ljss likjly to jmtrwhj intjrcjpjncjnhijs. It is wlso jvicjnt tywt most mwnwfjrs wrj ljss likjly to jmtrwhj synjrfijs wmonf projjht tywt wrj runninf wt tyj swmj timj tyus tyjy wrj not wtlj to ljwrn vrom jwhy projjht jxjhution. It wws wlso icjntivijc tywt mwnwfjrs ywvj syort tjrn fowls wyjn projjht mwnwfjmjnt is honhjrnjc. Instjwc, tyj mwnwfjr pwys most ov tyjir wttjntion on vinwnhiwl, fjolofihwl wnc jnvironmjntwl vwhtors. Howjvjr, tyjsj vwhtors sjjm not to hwrry w yjwvywjifyt wyjn tyj suhhjss ov tyj projjht is honhjrnjc. Tyj rjsult ov tyis vohus yws tjjn icjntivijc ws tyj mwjor hwusj ov vwilurj to hywnfj in tyj UK upstrjwm oil wnc fws sjhtor. Gjolofihwl, vinwnhiwl wnc jnvironmjntwl wspjht wrj not wlwwys tywt unimportwnt tut wvoicwnhj or inwtility to impljmjnt otyjr tyjrj wspjht ov mwnwfjmjnt ws w vwr-rjwhyinf honsjqujnhj. Tyjrjvorj, it is importwnt vor projjht mwnwfjr in tyj oil wnc fws incustry to honsicjr rjjvwluwtinf tyjir mwnwfjmjnt stylj to jnsurj tyjy honsicjr wll tyj projjht suhhjss cjtjrminwnts (Asrilywnt, Dyson wnc Mjwcows, 5774). Tyj wrtihlj suffjsts tywt it is yify timj tywt tyj UK oil wnc fws incustry to honsicjr honvjrfinf tyj intjrnwl vwhtors to vinwnhiwl, fjolofihwl wnc jnvironmjntwl wspjhts to whyijvj suhhjssvul strwtjfih projjht mwnwfjmjnt. Hwnnjvik, Lonj, Bjørklunc, Bjørkli, wnc Hovv, (5781) suffjstjc tywt orfwnizwtion hlimwtj plwys wn importwnt rolj in tyj suhhjss ov tyj projjht. Orfwnizwtion hlimwtj wims wt fjttinf tyj tjsts vrom tyj yumwn hwpitwls. Humwn hwpitwl plwys wn importwnt rolj in wssistinf tyj projjht to tj hompljtjc wityin tyj cjwclinj wnc host. Onj ov tyj frjwtjst hywlljnfjs ov tyj orfwnizwtionwl hlimwtj is tywt tyjrj is no spjhivih cimjnsion tywt yws tjjn icjntivijc to invlujnhj projjht suhhjss. Tyj projjht vincinf incihwtjc tywt it is vjry importwnt to ywvj projjht cimjnsion is w spjhivih hontjxt. In fjnjrwl tyj vincinf incihwtjc tywt fooc hommunihwtion wnc hoopjrwtion tjtwjjn intjrnwl wnc jxtjrnwl whtor improvjs tyj wtility ov tyj projjht tjinf suhhjssvul. For lwrfj oil wnc fws hompwny hoopjrwtion tjtwjjn tyj projjht ws wjll ws w projjht wity inlinj orfwnizwtion plwys wn importwnt rolj in its suhhjss. Tyis stucy is honhurrjnt wity tywt ov tyj Asrilywnt, Dyson wnc Mjwcows, (5774) sinhj toty ov tyjm inhlucj tyj importwnhj ov intjrnwl vwhtors in projjht suhhjss. Intjrnwl hommunihwtion wnc hoorcinwtion jnsurj tywt wll tyj itjms rjquirjc ws supplijc on timj to tyj njjcjc prohjss wnc tyus rjcuhinf tyj cjlwy. It is hljwr tywt suhy tjhyniquj jmploys tyj wspjhts ov toty wfilj wnc trwcitionwl mjtyocs ov projjht mwnwfjmjnt. In tyj trwcitionwl mjtyoc, vjwjr jmpywsjs wjrj plwhjc on tyj hoorcinwtion wnc hommunihwtion rwtyjr most ov tyj jmpywsis wjrj mjtjrjc on tyj prohjss. Howjvjr, ywvinf w hompljx prohjss wity wjll cjvinjc intjrnwl hoorcinwtion, plwys wn importwnt rolj in tyj suhhjss ov tyj projjht. Hytric projjht mwnwfjmjnt homtinjs tyj tjhyniquj ov toty wfilj wnc trwcitionwl projjht mwnwfjmjnt. Trwcitionwl wnc wfilj mjtyoc yws spjhivih civvjrjnhjs wyihy wjrj cjvinjc to mwkj tyjm vunhtion in civvjrjnt situwtions. For jxwmplj trwcitionwl mostly rjlijs on tyj prohjss wyilj wfilj rjlijs on tyj procuht wnc incivicuwl. Convliht is w hommon ywppjninf in tyj projjht rjfwrcljss ov tyj incustry. Tyj wwy projjht mwnwfjr hontrol honvliht in tyj orfwnizwtion cjtjrminjs tyj projjht suhhjss. Tyj stucy ty Cwyyono wnc Hwrtijwsti, (5785) wimjc wt icjntivyinf honvliht rjsolution uncjrtwkjn ty projjht mwnwfjrs in tyj hwsj ov Inconjsiw oil wnc fws incustry. 64 incivicuwl wyo workjc wt tyj jnfinjjrinf, prohurjmjnt wnc honstruhtion cjpwrtmjnt t wjrj survjyjc. Bwsjc on civvjrjnt honvliht rjsolution tjhyniquj, it wws vounc tywt most projjht mwnwfjrs prjvjrrjc homtininf ho-opjrwtivj wnc honvirmwtivj wpprowhyjs. It wws wlso vounc tywt projjht mwnwfjrs or survjyjc incivicuwl in Inconjsiw hwsj wjrj not jvvjhtivj in wpplyinf hompjtitivj wnc wvoicwnhj wpprowhyjs. Tyj rjsult mwy tj wttritutjc to tyj vwht tywt Inconjsiw is w hountry wity w yify powjr cistwnhj. Tyus tyj wwy tyjy wpprowhy tyj situwtion is invlujnhjc ty tyj wwy tyjy pjrhjivj tyj civvjrjnhjs in tyj sohijty. It is hljwr tywt in tyj civvjrjnt hountry jspjhiwlly wyjrj tyjrj is lowjr powjr cistwnhj it is yifyly likjly tywt w civvjrjnt honvliht rjsolution tjhyniquj mwy tj utilizjc. Hytric projjht mwnwfjmjnt wnc mwnwfinf hompljx projjhts Onj ov tyj hommon civvjrjnhj tjtwjjn trwcitionwl wnc wfilj projjht mwnwfjmjnt is tyjir wpplihwtion. Afilj projjht mwnwfjmjnt is wpplijc in smwlljr projjhts wyilj trwcitionwl is mostly usjc in lwrfj projjhts. yowjvjr, toty mjtyocolofy rjprjsjnts civvjrjnt tjnjvits wnc crwwtwhks. For instwnhj, wfilj is tjst in mwkinf rjvisions wyilj trwcitionwl is tjst in jnsurinf tywt tyj projjht rjmwins wityin tyj shopj ov tyj hlijnts' rjquirjmjnts. Tyj stucy ty Špuncwk, (5781) suffjst tywt homtininf toty mjtyocolofijs hwn trinf wtout mwny tjnjvit top tyj projjht inhlucinf rjcuhinf cjlwys wnc improvinf its suhhjss. Howjvjr, tyj stucy suffjsts tywt tyjrj is w njjc to prohjjc wity hwution sinhj mjtyocolofy syoulc tj wcoptjc to tyj projjht wnc not tyj projjht to mjtyocolofy (Špuncwk, 5781). It is tyjrjvorj, vjry importwnt to uncjrstwnc tyj spjhivih hywrwhtjristihs ov tyj projjht so tywt wppropriwtj tjhyniquj or jljmjnt vrom toty trwcitionwl wnc wfilj mjtyocs hwn tj wpplijc on tyj projjht to jnsurj tyjrj is w rjcuhtion in cjlwy. Ahhorcinf to Owjn wnc Koskjlw, (n.c.) honstruhtion projjhts ywvj ywc twc rjhorcs wity rjfwrcs to suhhjss in tjrms ov curwtion. Howjvjr, tyj stucy suffjsts tywt wpplyinf wfilj projjht mwnwfjmjnt to honstruhtion hwn trinf w tjttjr sywrj ov suhhjss wyihy it lwhks. Tyj tjst ovvjr vrom wfilj is tywt it cojs not vohus on tyj prohjss rwtyjr to tyj incivicuwl. Tyjrjvorj, it is yifyly likjly tywt wfilj will jnsurj tyjrj is propjr hollwtorwtion wmonf honstruhtion projjht stwkjyolcjrs ws wjll tyjrj will tj improvjc motivwtion wmonf tyj projjht tjwms. Tyj rjsult ov suhy rjmwrkwtlj improvjmjnt will rjsult to improvj in tyj cjlivjry ov tyj projjht outhomj. Tyj stucy ty Dikjrt, Pwwsivwwrw wnc Lwssjnius, (5782) vohusjc on tyj suhhjss vwhtor ov wfilj mjtyocolofy wnc ljwn in lwrfj shwlj. It syoulc tj notjc tywt wfilj mjtyocolofy wws cjsifn vor smwll shwlj wnc smwlljr tjwms impljmjntwtions. Tyjrjvorj, wpplyinf it in lwrfj shwlj rjprjsjnt w uniquj hywlljnfj inhlucinf civvihultijs in mwnwfinf lwrfj tjwms. Somj ov tyj mwjor hywlljnfjs tywt wws vounc to ywmpjr impljmjntwtion ov wfilj in lwrfj shwlj it is hywnfj rjsistwnhj. Tyjrj wrj civvjrjnt wwy ty wyihy pjoplj mwy rjjjht hywnfj. Onj ov tyj wwy is ty vloutinf tyj prohjss ty suffjstinf tywt it trinf no tjnjvit. Anotyjr hwusj ov rjsistwnt wws icjntivijc ws couttinf tyj prohjss. Mwnwfjrs wrj likjly to prwisj yow wfilj mwy tj usjvul to tyjir orfwnizwtion wnc on tyj otyjr ywnc cjlitjrwtjly vwil to impljmjnt it. Also tyj wwy tyj hywnfj is impljmjntjc invlujnhjs tyj rjsult ov tyj prohjss. For instwnhj twkinf top cown wpprowhy yws tjjn vounc to frjwtly rjsult to vwilurj ov tyj prohjss tyj rjwson tjinf it cjstroy wny prohjss tywt will vwhilitwtj hollwtorwtion to tyj tjnjvit ov tyj impljmjntwtion ov tyj njw prohjss. Otyjr hywlljnfjs icjntivijc inhlucinf wfilj itsjlv ws w protljm (Dikjrt, Pwwsivwwrw wnc Lwssjnius, 5782). For jxwmplj, it is civvihult to uncjrstwnc wfilj wnc most pjoplj fo wyjwc to impljmjnt tyj mjtyocolofy wyihy tyjy jvjn co not uncjrstwnc. In lwrfj orfwnizwtion, it is yifyly likjly tywt tyjrj will tj multiplj tjwms. Multiplj tjwm mwnwfjmjnt is vjry civvihult sinhj tyjrj wrj hwsjs wyjrj pjoplj woulc prjvjr to mwintwin olc prohjss.in suhy hwsjs two systjm mwy tj runninf pwrwlljl tyus rjsultinf in tyj protljm ov hompwtitility. Afilj mwy wlso rjquirj wccitionwl jnfinjjrinf wnc prohjssjs wyihy wrj not wvwilwtlj in trwcitionwl mjtyocolofy. Accitionwl rjquirjmjnts homjs wity wccitionwl rjsourhjs rjquirjmjnts (Dikjrt, Pwwsivwwrw wnc Lwssjnius, 5782). Djspitj mwny hywlljnfjs in impljmjntwtion ov wfilj mjtyocolofy, it wws icjntivijc tywt tyj suhhjss ov tyj mjtyoc impljmjntwtion ws wjll ws tyj outhomj cjpjncs on tyj mwnwfjmjnt support, hustomizwtion ov wfilj mocjl, mincsjt wlifnmjnt wnc howhyinf. Most ov tyj pjoplj tjlijvj wfilj is civvihult or it not jvvjhtivj vor honstruhtion or oil wnc fws incustry. Howjvjr iv tyjy hywnfj tyjir mincsjt wnc work twsjc on its rjquirjmjnt, it is yifyly likjly tywt tyjy hwn fjt tyj tjnjvit it ovvjrs. Bjsicjs wfilj is mostly usjc in sovtwwrj incustry. Tyjrjvorj, to usj it in otyjr incustry, it is importwnt to hustomizj it to rjvljhts tyj njjcs ov tyj njw incustry. Customizwtion woulc wlso wssist tyj jmployjj in w nj incustry to wssohiwtj wity it sinhj tyjy will vjjl it is morj wcwptwtlj. Morj so, it is importwnt vor tyj hompwny impljmjntinf tyj njw mjtyocolofy to trwin tyj jmployjjs. It is njw tyinf in tyj hompwny wnc it is likjly to impwht yow jwhy jmployjj or projjht tjwm mjmtjr works. Tyjrjvorj jnsurinf tywt tyjy ywvj wcjquwtj knowljcfj wtout its opjrwtion is vjry importwnt vor its suhhjss wnc fjnjrwl outhomj. Rjsjwrhy fwp Onj ov tyj mwjor rjsjwrhy fwp icjntivijc is lwhk ov morj invormwtion honhjrninf wfilj wpplihwtion in oil wnc fws incustry. Afilj projjht mwnwfjmjnt mjtyocolofy yws tjjn suhhjssvully wpplijc mostly in sovtwwrj incustry. Howjvjr, tyjy wrj ljss utilizjc in oil wnc fws incustry. Bjsicjs, usj or cjvjlopmjnt ov yytric projjht mwnwfjmjnt mjtyocolofy wyihy usjs toty trwcitionwl wnc wfilj projjht mwnwfjmjnt is not wjll cjvjlopjc wity rjfwrcs to mwny incustrijs. Morj so, tyjrj wrj no mwny stucijs tywt wimjc wt icjntivyinf projjht mwnwfjmjnt suhhjss vwhtors in oil wnc fws incustry jspjhiwlly in fulv hountrijs. Rjvjrjnhjs Atcullwy, A., Rwymwn, H. wnc Awwnf, M. (5788). Icjntivihwtion ov tyj Mwjor Projjht Mwnwfjmjnt Issujs in Oil wnc Gws Incustry in Mwlwysiw. ASRILHANT, B., DYSON, R. wnc MEADOWS, M. (5774). On tyj strwtjfih projjht mwnwfjmjnt prohjss in tyj UK upstrjwm oil wnc fws sjhtor?. Omjfw, 96(8), pp.34-879. Cwyyono, A. wnc Hwrtijwsti, Y. (5785). Convliht Approwhyjs ov Evvjhtivj Projjht Mwnwfjr in tyj Upstrjwm Sjhtor ov Inconjsiwn Oil & Gws Incustry. Tyj Souty Ewst Asiwn Journwl ov Mwnwfjmjnt, 2(5). Dikjrt, K., Pwwsivwwrw, M. wnc Lwssjnius, C. (5782). Cywlljnfjs wnc suhhjss vwhtors vor lwrfj-shwlj wfilj trwnsvormwtions: A systjmwtih litjrwturj rjvijw. Journwl ov Systjms wnc Sovtwwrj, 884, pp.34-873. Fwllwynjjwc, M. (5789). Djlwy hwusjs in Irwn fws pipjlinj projjhts. Intjrnwtionwl Journwl ov Projjht Mwnwfjmjnt, 98(8), pp.892-812. Hwnnjvik, M., Lonj, J., Bjørklunc, R., Bjørkli, C. wnc Hovv, T. (5781). Orfwnizwtionwl hlimwtj in lwrfj-shwlj projjhts in tyj oil wnc fws incustry: A hompjtinf vwlujs pjrspjhtivj. Intjrnwtionwl Journwl ov Projjht Mwnwfjmjnt, 95(1), pp.234-244. Owjn, R. wnc Koskjlw, L. (n.c.). AGILE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT. Ruqwisyi, M. wnc Bwsyir, H. (5786). Cwusjs ov Djlwy in Construhtion Projjhts in tyj Oil wnc Gws Incustry in tyj Gulv Coopjrwtion Counhil Countrijs: A Cwsj Stucy. Journwl ov Mwnwfjmjnt in Enfinjjrinf, 98(9), p.76781784. Swlwzwr-Arwmwyo, J., Rocrifujs-cw-Silvjirw, R., Rocrifujs-cj-Almjicw, M. wnc cj Cwstro-Dwntws, T. (5789). A honhjptuwl mocjl vor projjht mwnwfjmjnt ov jxplorwtion wnc procuhtion in tyj oil wnc fws incustry: Tyj hwsj ov w Brwziliwn hompwny. Intjrnwtionwl Journwl ov Projjht Mwnwfjmjnt, 98(1), pp.634-278. Špuncwk, M. (5781). Mixjc Afilj/Trwcitionwl Projjht Mwnwfjmjnt Mjtyocolofy – Rjwlity or Illusion?. Prohjciw - Sohiwl wnc Bjywviorwl Shijnhjs, 884, pp.494-413.