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The lack of any barriers to entering into an alliance or merging with another firm

When buyers are skeptical about the benefits of a new technology or product being pioneered by a first-mover

When technological change is rapid and follower firms (and maybe even cautious late-movers) find it easy to leapfrog a first-mover with more attractive next-version products

When customer loyalty to the pioneer is low and a first-mover’s skills, know-how, and actions are easily copied or even surpassed

When pioneering leadership is more costly than imitating followership

Jos Simulation Answered question March 28, 2025