According to Li, Yan, Wang, and Xia (2013) information visibility are the availability of relevant and accurate information for making supply chain-related decisions. Duckworth (2018) on the other hand defined visibility as easiness of sharing of information in B2B level. Some of the benefits identified in information visibility include making the supply chain more efficient, promote business collaboration, as well enabling them manage operations more efficiently (Duckworth, 2018). Transparency, on the other hand, was defined as easiness of information disclosure between businesses, partners, regulatory bodies, customers and shareholders (Duckworth, 2018). Duckworth (2018) suggested that both visibility and transparency are related such that it is impossible to share data or to be open about if you do not have visibility to such information. Information transparency aids accountability, safety, and quality (Duckworth, 2018).
